Other duplicated genes of interest to the further evolution of veretebrates are:

• The ascidian Hroth gene gives rise to vertebrate Otx-1 and Otx-2 genes
• The ascidian Pax-258 gene gives rise to vertebrate Pax-2, Pax-5, and Pax-8 genes
• The ascidian Pax-37 gene gives rise to vertebrate Pax-3 and Pax-7 genes
• The ascidian Phox-2 gene gives rise to vertebrate Phox-2a and Phox-2b genes